Project Longevity's lessons on gangs offer insights for Cleveland: Pathways to Peace

Certain cities in the United States are facing startlingly high rates of homicide and violence that haven't been seen since the height of gang activity in the 1990s. But certain cities, including Los Angeles, have continued to see declines in or stable crime rates, thanks to a community-based policing approach that uses tactics such as working with former drug dealers, hosting neighborhood events, cleaning litter from the streets, and mediating sit-downs between formal gang rivals.

Cure Violence is a the national non-profit organization that for 16 years has helped multiple cities adopt strategies for violence prevention that mirror those used in disease control. Programs employ trained “violence interrupters” and outreach workers to identify and mediate potentially deadly conflicts, maintaining relationships with those involved to ensure the conflict does not reignite. Cleveland hopes that replicating the model will help reduce local violence and crime.

When lawmakers try to tackle gun violence, they often turn to measures like adding police officers or cracking down on illegal guns. But what happens when they treat violent crime as a public-health problem? Counselors invite patients to join the Violence Intervention Program, offering a host of services intended to break the cycle of violence.

In New Haven community leaders and law enforcement joined hands to diminish gang violence. They created Project Longevity, and the research shows the program is successful. Gang shootings in the city have fallen from eight a month, to three.

In Glasgow, gang violence was rampant and affected the youth of the community. Then a new initiative was started: VRU's Community Initiative to Reduce Violence (CIRV). This initiative focused on providing support to those who need help and to reduce police tolerance towards violence. This program helped to build empathy and reduced violence by 24%.

After two failed attempts, Oakland Ceasefire retooled its approach and since 2013 has been a significant factor in lowering homicides and nonfatal shootings. The program, used in various ways in many cities, identifies young men at high risk of getting shot or shooting others and then offers them life coaching and social services to keep them out of trouble. By de-emphasizing the role of police, pinpointing those most in need of help, boosting community involvement, and forming deeper personal relationships, the program is credited with a 32% reduction in gun homicides over a six-year study.

The Centre for the Prevention of Radicalization Leading to Violence in Quebec has expanded rapidly, becoming a model for programs around the world. What sets it apart from projects in Europe and the United States is that it confronts extremism of all stripes — not just Islamist — and focuses on behavior that signals the risk of violence, not just radical ideas, only involving law enforcement as a last resort.

Across the country, hospitals are embracing intensive intervention programs to help victims of violence — including those who have criminal histories — after they have been brought in for treatment of injuries. Such programs can help prevent retaliation, reduce the chance a patient will be violently injured again, and put people on track for success.

A law-enforcement strategy known as the "focused deterrence" approach involves identifying people most at risk to commit or to be victimized by crime — often the same individuals — and hosts meetings where they are offered resources to break the cycle, or, face serious legal consequences. The approach has worked so well in places like Kansas City, Boston, and High Point, that Milwaukee is looking at how to replicate the results.

Providing positive interventions reduces gun violence among struggling youths. In New Haven, Connecticut, the Project Longevity program offers social services, treatment, housing, and counseling to those who typically only face crackdowns by law enforcement. The program aims to assist and help gang members find a way out of violence, supported in the long-term by funding approved by the CT state legislature.