The race to unravel the biggest coronavirus outbreak in the United States

South Korea’s rapid response to COVID-19 shares many successes that can be duplicated by other countries. Its main advantage came from its ability to create tests rapidly, which could happen quickly because of preparedness changes made after the 2015 MERS outbreak. It then scaled up drive-through testing, information-sharing about infected individuals’ location, and social distancing measures.

At the start of the coronavirus pandemic, public health officials in Flint, Michigan began tracking the demographics of those who were testing positive for the virus in order to better align the county's public health action and outreach. In doing so, officials realized that a lack of access to testing in predominately Black neighborhoods was a contributing factor and decided to launch mobile testing, barrier-free sites, and other interventions at the state level.

Public health experts are strategizing for how to combat the next pandemic by learning from what failed to prevent the most recent coronavirus pandemic. From increasing surveillance of viruses to using diagnostic technologies to "screen for novel infections more systematically," there are a series of protocols that countries failed to utilize that can be enacted now as a preventative measure.

The uncertainty surrounding COVID-19 and the health impacts it may have for different people prompted doctors from across the U.S. to create a national patient database to better study and understand how the virus interacts with other underlying conditions. Although the database itself is adaptable and researchers hope it can also be used in the face of future pandemics, they also say "five years from now, the greatest value of this data set won’t be the data. It’ll have been the methods that we learned trying to get it working."

South Korea, Singapore, and Hong Kong have all acted in ways that show it is possible to effectively manage the COVID-19 outbreak without shutting down an entire country. The common thread may be that all three countries have dealt with previous coronaviruses: MERS and SARS. This helped them start testing early, limit travel effectively, and track movement and subsequently quarantine people who came into contact with the virus - thus limiting the spread and keeping infected numbers relatively low.

South Korea has reported a reduction of new coronavirus cases thanks in part to rapid government regulations, widespread testing, and increased transparency. While other countries, such as the United States, have made a practice of only testing those showing symptoms, South Korea's success is linked to broader testing, contact tracing and alerting those who have possibly been in contact with an infected person.

As much of Europe and the United States are still in the early stages of trying to contain the coronavirus, countries in Asia offer several lessons in mitigation strategies. Rapid government intervention and regulation helped to slow the spread in Taiwan while in South Korea, increased transparency and mass testing – made possible because the country opened the process to the private sector – have shown to have helped flatten the curve of transmission.

Singapore among several other countries have been able to contain coronavirus by working to stay ahead of the spread, rather than confront the spread as it happens. Using strategies – some partially built after learning from failure during the SARS outbreak – such as rigorous contact tracing to determine who may have come into contact with an infected individual, these countries have shown, "early intervention is key."

When nursing homes in North Carolina realized that the coronavirus pandemic had arrived within the state, facility managers and staff began enacting measures to prevent the spread of the virus amongst their residents. Adapting existing infection control and prevention plans, many were able to ensure a robust supply of PPE and reinforce their staffing numbers, which has paid off as most of the facilities have avoided outbreaks.

As Covid-19 spread throughout regions of South Africa, public health clinics began reporting seeing fewer patients for HIV viral load testing due to shelter-in-place orders. In trying to mitigate the longterm implications of people missing their appointments, a few HIV specialists have joined the frontlines in local communities to act as both coronavirus testers and information conduits for HIV programs.