A 700-year-old West African farming practice could be an answer to climate change

By returning to indigenous varieties of crops, farmers can increase ecological diversity and reliance to climate change. In India, hundreds of farmers in the state of Odisha have been returning to indigenous crops, like millet, vegetables, and tubers. In contrast to the high yield varieties of seeds provided by the government, heritage crops prove more resilient to changes in climate, water shortages, and local pests. Using heritage crops also reduces the need for pesticides, helping to restore ecological balance in the region.

Washington D.C.'s Bloom program converts the city's human waste into commercially sold fertilizer. To date, over 400,000 tons in annual sales have been generated, with 22% average yearly growth and vibrant community gardens that distribute produce to food deserts. The program is on track to recoup its $370 million investment in 13 years instead of the projected 19.

Green Era's biodigester facility processes food waste in a closed, oxygen-free system that captures methane and converts it into renewable natural gas while producing compost. The system, which launched in spring 2025, accepts packaged food waste from restaurants, food banks, grocery stores, and residential composting services. The facility diverts approximately 85,000 tons of food waste annually from landfills and supplies enough renewable natural gas to Peoples Gas to power up to 3,000 homes.

The Community Interest Company, run by volunteers, organized the Chiswick Flower Market to revitalize the local economy. The eight flower markets that were held increased foot-traffic to local businesses by about 70% compared to non-market Sundays. Of the over 60 vendors, 65% were based locally. The market made a £12,000 profit, which is being reinvested in community sustainability projects. Sustainability and reducing the market’s carbon footprint are priority initiatives.

A community gardening project growing the guajiro bean has allowed Wayuu farmers in the Colombian desert to achieve food security despite the effects of climate change and external pressures. While scaling this agricultural success to other Indigenous clans can be difficult, using a low-tech irrigation system and red earthworm compost has allowed one settlement to feed its community and make their soil fertile again.

In South Korea, a combination of grassroots movements and government campaigns have dramatically reduced the country's food waste by 95% (about 400 metric tons a day). Residents are required to buy special biodegradable bags, which serves as a tax that finances 60% of the city's food processing. It's a pay-as-you-waste tactic that also prompts citizens to find creative ways to recycle and compost, and special weighing machines encourage them to extract the moisture first, saving even more money on collection costs.

India has been a longtime contributor to water and air pollution, largely due in part to the amount of plastic the country generates. To address both kinds of pollution, one company is creating biodegradable packaging made from plant fibers.

One tactic for combatting climate change has to do with soil health. Soil can withdraw and store carbon from the atmosphere—at a higher rate when covered by manure—and also supports long-term soil sustainability and saves farmers money. Because agriculture already consumes much of the world's surface, proponents of carbon farming envision a world where large swathes of land act as a carbon sink. Potential drawbacks and things left to explore include how to produce compost without creating more energy than it saves and how to use cows effectively when they also contribute much of the carbon in the atmosphere.

Morocco is one of countless regions around the planet facing the challenges of climate change - as rivers dry up and temperatures increase, the livelihoods of millions stand at risk. But the country may serve as an example for how others can mitigate the damages. The government, entrepreneurial individuals, and local communities are making important changes in the face of global warming, from working to reforest arid regions to adapting which crops are planted so as to use less water and maintain "climate-smart" agricultural productivity.

Looking at what recycled phosphorus could do for corn in the United States, the country’s number one crop, a study found that we’d need just 37 percent of available recyclable domestic phosphorus to fertilize all of the corn in the country.